Ins and Outs of Shotguns
In Dead Frontier, Shotguns are the weaker, yet more efficient version of machine guns. While their raw output is meager compared to even Sub-Machine Guns, Shotguns are often considered to be a mainstay for the cost-conscious survivor due to their respectable crowd control power and cost efficiency.
Every well-aimed shotgun pellet adds up to the total damage per shot, but then again you could also do very little damage if too few pellets hit the target. Shotgun damage is noted as (Damage per Pellet) x (Pellets per Shot) = Damage, so for example, the Washington 870 with 3.3 x 8 damage can do up to 26.4 damage per shot. Due to the small pellets of the buckshot, versus the larger bullets of other firearms, shotguns cannot score a critical hit.
Shotgun blasts have an additional spread for their buckshot, whose spread degree depends on the shotgun in question; this value can be viewed in the shotgun statistics section. Accuracy does not decrease this buckshot spread, but instead simply centers the placement of the shot.
Types of Shotguns
There are many different types of shotguns - ranging from break-action to pump-action to semi-automatic to lever-action etc, but in Dead Frontier, the shotguns are simply categorized by their fire rate. The four types of shotguns are:
- Single Shot: Only represented by the Mancini M1 and the Highlander, the two first shotgun available in the game. Only one shot per second.
- Pump-action: Starting at Washington 870, pump-action shotguns are available for almost all levels of proficiency, all the way to the 120 proficiency Ace Barrel and X-Mannberg. Scoring 1.5 shots per second, these offer a good choice for crowd control in experienced hands.
- Semi-automatic: Includes, but is not limited to the Sega-20, Sweeper and Biforce C7. Scores two shot per second; makes for an average crowd control in semi-experienced hands.
- Fully-automatic: Includes, but is not limited to USAN-12, AA-12 and Dusk Striker. Firing 3 times per second, these offer the best crowd control of all shotgun types.
While other ammunitions' caliber types are simply measured in milimeters or inches (higher numbers are better), shotgun shells measurement uses the "gauge" system that represents more powerful cartridge with a lower number:
- 20 gauge
- 16 gauge
- 12 gauge
- 10 gauge
This is caused by the diameter of the shotgun's barrel - the lower the gauge number, the larger the barrel. Quoted from Wikipedia: Gauge is determined from the weight of a solid sphere of lead that will fit the bore of the firearm, and is expressed as the multiplicative inverse of the sphere's weight as a fraction of a pound (e.g., a 1⁄12th pound ball fits a 12-gauge bore. Obviously - a larger barrel allows for larger pellets and more gunpowder to be fired at once, this is why larger barreled shotguns do more damage.
Requirements
Shotguns are one of the few weapons that have a high strength requirement. The first shotgun available, the Mancini M1, requires 10 shotgun proficiency points to use. The Police Officer class also starts out with a Mancini M1 Shotgun, along with 25 shells. From the third shotgun onwards, there is a strength requirement, usually close to the proficiency requirement.
Reloading is helpful after agility and stats for other weapons are satisfactory, constant fire with 100+ reloading will keep zombies at bay and save your life on many occasions. While accuracy does not help tighten the buckshot spread, it does center the placement of the shot; an accuracy stat of about 80-100 should provide comfortable handling for shotguns against even far away targets.
Looting/Scouting
Generating a significant amount of aggro with each blast, shotguns are a poor choice if you are trying to avoid large numbers of zombies. To maximize their effectiveness, you will want to utilize the following tips:
- Wait until the zombie is at point-blank range. This ensures that every pellet will strike.
- If you are trying to get somewhere and a zombie blocks your path, a point-blank blast can push them out of the way.
- While usage of shotgun during looting should be overall limited, ammo conservation should not be part of your concern at all. Shotguns are known to have the cheapest, most generous and longest-lasting ammunition type of all weapons in the game, so even a stack of shotgun shells should be able to last through the entire looting trip.
Aggro Combat
Shotguns are primarily utilized as self-defense instead of grinding weapons during aggro situations. While shotguns offer a lot of advantages such as extremely high knockback, passable accuracy, cheap maintenance cost and ease of use, as well as reduced overkill damage due to spare pellets passing through the original target, their severely limited DPS severely limits their overall potential and discourages players from using them to grind for an extended amount of time.
- Shotguns pairs well Explosives to form an effective, cost efficient grinding setup: Explosives provide the DPS that Shotgun lacks, while Shotgun provides the knockback that Explosives do not have.
Advantages and Disadvantages
Advantages
- Extremely high knockback, comparable to Miniguns.
- Good accuracy compared to other crowd control weapons, even with little accuracy investment.
- Shotguns require no critical hit due to them not having a crit chance.
- Shotgun shells are the most generously available type of ammunition, with prices for them being always significantly cheaper than handguns and rifle ammunition of similar proficiency level.
- If a zombie is killed, the pellets will pass through the zombie and hit the ones behind it, minimizing overkill damage and increasing crowd control.
Disadvantages
- Highest chance of causing aggro spikes, even higher than Rifle-caliber Machine Guns.
- Shotguns have overall very poor DPS potential, frequently losing to even Pistols or Rifles of similar proficiency level.
List of Shotguns
The scrap values in brackets indicate the scrap price with Master Crafted (MC) items.
| Mancini M1 | |
|---|---|
20 Gauge Ammo
3 Round Capacity Slow Reload Speed Very Slow Attack Speed Average Accuracy Zero Critical Chance 10 Shotgun Skill Required Avg. Damage per Second: 16.65Theoretical: 17.2 Enhance Price: $6,000 |
Real Name: Benelli M1 Super 90 The Mancini M1 is a semi-automatic shotgun manufactured by Benelli Armi S.P.A. It is available in several versions for civilian, law enforcement and military use. It features the proprietary Benelli recoil system, known for its reliability and easy maintenance. Unfortunately for the good people of Fairview, their police departments used a three-shell-capacity twenty-gauge version, trading away stopping power and ammo capacity for ease of handling. Weapon Type: Single Shot
The Police Officer class starts with an untradeable "Mancini Shotgun", as their backup shotgun, which has a scrap value of $ 50. |
| Highlander | |
16 Gauge Ammo
2 Round Capacity Slow Reload Speed Very Slow Attack Speed Average Accuracy Zero Critical Chance 20 Shotgun Skill Required Avg. Damage per Second: 25.56Theoretical: 26.4 Scrap Value: $850 (MC $1,700) Enhance Price: $11,000 |
Real Name: Stoeger Uplander The Highlander is a double barreled shotgun manufactured by Stoeger Industries. It is based on a traditional English shotgun design and is a civilian shotgun primarily used for hunting wildfowl and for skeet shooting - needless to say, against zombie craniums, it's a tad lacking. Tally-ho! Weapon Type: Single Shot
|
| Washington 870 | |
16 Gauge Ammo
4 Round Capacity Slow Reload Speed Slow Attack Speed Average Accuracy Zero Critical Chance 30 Strength Required 30 Shotgun Skill Required Avg. Damage per Second: 37.73Theoretical: 39.6 Enhance Price: $16,000 |
Real Name: Remington 870 The Washington Model 870 is a U.S. made pump-action shotgun manufactured by Remington Arms Company, Inc. It is widely used by the public for target shooting, hunting, and self-defense. It is also commonly used by U.S. law enforcement agencies as well as military groups such as Special Operations Command units of the U.S. Marine Corps, the U.S. Army, and the U.S. Navy. Unsurprisingly, Fairview PD had a fair amount of these shotguns in their arsenal. Weapon Type: Pump Action
|
| Sega-20 | |
20 Gauge Ammo
8 Round Capacity Slow Reload Speed Average Attack Speed Average Accuracy Zero Critical Chance 30 Strength Required 45 Shotgun Skill Required Avg. Damage per Second: 40.31Theoretical: 43 Scrap Value: $4,100 (MC $8,200) Enhance Price: $16,000 |
Real Name: Saiga 20K No relation to the video game company, a firearms manufacturer pumped out a fully American version of the rather popular Russian Saiga-20k. Due to the relation of the more powerful fully automatic shotguns, the Sega-20 is often considered a "babied" version of the more powerful AA-12 and USAN-12. While not being as powerful as the other shotguns at its level, it is still widely used, due to its ability to hold enemies back with an unending barrage of shells, as well as the fact that its ammo is not only very common but very cheap. It's as good as the real deal. Weapon Type: Semi-Automatic
Added October 11th, 2008. |
| Chester 1300 | |
12 Gauge Ammo
4 Round Capacity Slow Reload Speed Slow Attack Speed Average Accuracy Zero Critical Chance 30 Strength Required 35 Shotgun Skill Required Avg. Damage per Second: 50.87Theoretical: 53.4 Enhance Price: $18,500 |
Real Name: Winchester 1300 Camp Defender A now obsolete pump-action shotgun manufactured by the Winchester Repeating Arms Co. Doesn't stop wannabe cowboys from using it against the undead. Weapon Type: Pump Action
Added October 11th, 2008. |
| Washington 1100 | |
12 Gauge Ammo
5 Round Capacity Slow Reload Speed Slow Attack Speed Average Accuracy Zero Critical Chance 40 Strength Required 40 Shotgun Skill Required Avg. Damage per Second: 50.87Theoretical: 53.4 Enhance Price: $21,000 |
Real Name: Remington 1100 The Washington 1100 is a gas-operated semi-automatic shotgun, popular among waterfowlers and clay target shooters. It's a step up from the previous skeet-shooters but is nothing compared to the military shotguns below. Weapon Type: Pump Action
|
| WALL 500 | |
12 Gauge Ammo
6 Round Capacity Slow Reload Speed Slow Attack Speed Average Accuracy Zero Critical Chance 40 Strength Required 45 Shotgun Skill Required Avg. Damage per Second: 50.87Theoretical: 53.4 Enhance Price: $23,500 |
Real Name: FORT-500 The WALL-500 shotgun is a conventional pump-action shotgun developed by Scientific and Production Organization Fort. It has a steel receiver and plastic or wooden furniture with all versions having barrels with removable choke tubes. The same choke interface on police guns allows for installation of cup-type launchers intended to fire tear gas grenades. Weapon Type: Pump Action
Added October 11th, 2008. |
| SPSA 12 | |
12 Gauge Ammo
9 Round Capacity Slow Reload Speed Slow Attack Speed Average Accuracy Zero Critical Chance 40 Strength Required 50 Shotgun Skill Required Avg. Damage per Second: 50.87Theoretical: 53.4 Scrap Value: $5,050 (MC $10,100) Enhance Price: $26,000 |
Real Name: Franchi SPAS-12 The SPSA-12 was designed in the late 1970s by the Italian company Luigi Franchi Spa as a special purpose, military and police close combat weapon. It can be switched between gas operated self-loading mode and manually operated pump mode. While being obsolete, the SPAS is still liked by many survivors, both for its look, and its numerous appearances in video games and movies. Despite no longer being produced and having some odd design choices, the Fairview Police Department had a large number of them before production stopped. Weapon Type: Pump Action
Added October 11th, 2008. |
| Mannberg 500 | |
12 Gauge Ammo
12 Round Capacity Slow Reload Speed Slow Attack Speed Average Accuracy Zero Critical Chance 50 Strength Required 60 Shotgun Skill Required Avg. Damage per Second: 57.24Theoretical: 60.08 Scrap Value: $10,850 (MC $21,700) Enhance Price: $31,000 |
Real Name: Mossberg 500 Persuader The Mannberg 500 is a shotgun manufactured by O.F. Mossberg & Sons. Rather than a single model, the 500 is really a series of widely varying hammerless, pump action repeaters, all of which share the same basic receiver and action, but differ in bore size, barrel length, choke options, as well as stock and forearm materials. Intended for use in harsh and dirty conditions, the Model 500 series is designed to be easy to clean and maintain. Perfect for the rugged zombie hunter. Weapon Type: Pump Action
|
| Sweeper | |
12 Gauge Ammo
12 Round Capacity Slow Reload Speed Average Attack Speed Average Accuracy Zero Critical Chance 80 Strength Required 80 Shotgun Skill Required Avg. Damage per Second: 75.09Theoretical: 80.1 Scrap Value: $19,250 (MC $38,500) Enhance Price: $41,000 |
Real Name: Protecta (Also known as Armsel Striker) The Sweeper is a redesign of the Armsel Striker/Protecta, being a 12-shot revolver-type shotgun first made in Rhodesia and designed specifically for riot control and military combat. It normally had problems with the odd revolving magazine and its slow fire, but it's now lighter and faster firing. Classified as a destructive device in the USA and thus an uncommon weapon, its use was generally limited to various criminal organizations in Fairview and the odd police station. With the resulting zombie outbreak, however, this weapon has shown up more often in the hands of experienced zombie hunters. Weapon Type: Semi-Automatic
The name of this weapon was changed from 'Street Sweeper' on January 24th, in 2010. |
| Corpse Blaster (Unique)This item is unique and as such it can only be obtained in special ways and/or is non-transferable. | |
12 Gauge Ammo
30 Round Capacity Slow Reload Speed Slow Attack Speed Average Accuracy Zero Critical Chance 50 Strength Required 100 Shotgun Skill Required Avg. Damage per Second: 96.03Theoretical: 100.8 Scrap Value: $40,050 (MC $80,100) Enhance Price: $51,000 |
A mysterious shotgun, crafted from the remains of the undead themselves. This weapon possesses great power, rumored to come from the souls of slain infected.One of its more gruesome details is in the infected human skull affixed to the base of the receiver-- the lower jaw is connected to the gun's bolt-interlock safety catch, requiring a survivor to actually open the skull's mouth in order to open or close the bolt, and to access the uniquely placed loading port. Its extra long barrel appears to be reinforced by the skull and spinal column of a "hellhound"-- one of the monstrous infected dogs that once prowled Fairview's streets in the initial outbreak, suspected to be the ancestor or prior form of the modern Flesh Hound. Some survivors claim that the gun's shots even sounds somewhat like the snarling bark of the "hellhound". Weapon Type: Pump Action
This weapon could only be bought from the Credit Shop for 1,000 credits (800 for Gold Members). It was on sale from October 15th, 2010 until November 15th, 2010. |
| USAN-12 | |
12 Gauge Ammo
20 Round Capacity Slow Reload Speed Fast Attack Speed Average Accuracy Zero Critical Chance 100 Strength Required 100 Shotgun Skill Required Avg. Damage per Second: 97.08Theoretical: 106.8 Scrap Value: $40,050 (MC $80,100) Enhance Price: $51,000 |
Real Name: Daewoo USAS-12 Originally made and designed by Daewoo Precision Industries, the USAN-12 is a fully automatic combat shotgun made to provide sustained fire in close-combat situations.The USAS-12 is a gas-operated, selective-fire weapon which is designed to provide sustained firepower in close-combat scenarios. It accepts detachable 10-round box magazines or 20-round drum magazines, and is equally effective at killing powerful zombies and hostile, well-equipped humans. Weapon Type: Fully Automatic
|
| Painshot 10 | |
10 Gauge Ammo
18 Round Capacity Slow Reload Speed Slow Attack Speed Average Accuracy Zero Critical Chance 100 Strength Required 120 Shotgun Skill Required Avg. Damage per Second: 115.75Theoretical: 121.5 Scrap Value: $57,650 (MC $115,300) Enhance Price: $61,000 |
The Painshot 10 came about due to the desire of several gunsmiths to find some way to make use of damaged or worn-out shotguns they found in each Outpost's Yard. Eventually, they found a way to modify the intact parts they extracted from these shotguns so that they could be fitted interchangeably with each other. After some experimentation, the Painshot 10 was developed, becoming the first 10-gauge shotgun to be used by survivors. While it does have more than a few weaknesses, it'll still keep the infected at bay while in the Inner City. Weapon Type: Pump Action
Added February 18th, 2013. |
| AA-12 | |
12 Gauge Ammo
32 Round Capacity Slow Reload Speed Fast Attack Speed Average Accuracy Zero Critical Chance 100 Strength Required 110 Shotgun Skill Required Avg. Damage per Second: 115.4Theoretical: 126.95 Scrap Value: $48,450 (MC $96,900) Enhance Price: $56,000 |
Real Name: Auto Assault-12 The Auto Assault-12 (AA-12), originally designed and known as the Atchisson Assault Shotgun, is a shotgun developed in 1972 by Maxwell Atchisson. The current 2005 version has been developed over 18 years since the patent was sold to Military Police Systems, Inc. The original design was the basis of several later weapons, including the USAS-12 combat shotgun. It is fed from either a 32-shell drum magazine or an 8-shell box magazine.Uncommon in other automatic shotguns, the AA-12 fires from an open bolt, a feature more commonly found in sub machine guns and heavy and squad level machine guns. Weapon Type: Fully Automatic
Added May 15th, 2011. |
| Biforce C7 (LE)This item could only be purchased for a limited amount of time from the Credit Shop. | |
10 Gauge Ammo
22 Round Capacity Slow Reload Speed Average Attack Speed Average Accuracy Zero Critical Chance 100 Strength Required 120 Shotgun Skill Required Avg. Damage per Second: 131.18Theoretical: 139.92 Scrap Value: $57,650 (MC $115,300) Enhance Price: $61,000 |
Even for a shotgun, the Biforce C7 is an inordinately brutal weapon. Designed as a manual-action, double-barreled shotgun by Fairview's gunsmiths, it was found that the sustained firing of 10-gauge ammunition heated the barrels enough to potentially injure the shooter. To protect the operator's hands, the designers installed cannibalized barrel shrouds from scrapped M60s along the sides and top of the barrels in order to shield the users' hands, enabling safe, sustained fire of the massive 10-gauge shells. The end result: A shotgun whose bite literally matches its bark-- not only does it cripple almost any infected with just two shells, but the sound of a Biforce C7 letting go of two 10-gauge shells at once can be heard clearly from several blocks away. Obviously, this will make the Biforce C7 a magnet for aggro-- then again, that might just be what you're hoping for. Weapon Type: Semi-Automatic
.This weapon could only be bought from the Credit Shop for 2,000 credits (1,500 for Gold Members). It was on sale from October 15th, 2013 until November 10th, 2013. |
| Dusk Striker (Unique)This item is unique and as such it can only be obtained in special ways and/or is non-transferable. | |
12 Gauge Ammo
120 Round Capacity Fast Reload Speed Fast Attack Speed Average Accuracy Zero Critical Chance 100 Strength Required 110 Shotgun Skill Required Non-transferable Avg. Damage per Second: 134.71Theoretical: 148.2 Enhance Price: $61,000 |
A true feat of post-apocalyptic engineering, the Dusk Striker is nearly the most powerful shotgun available. With a huge buffer tube, and a reliable automatic fire system, the Dusk Striker delivers an unending lead storm of 12-gauge to anything on the wrong side of this powerful weapon. Weapon Type: Fully Automatic
This weapon cannot be found in the city but is available in the Dusk Shop for $1,000,000. Added May 15th, 2011. |
| Ace Barrel GZ3 | |
10 Gauge Ammo
18 Round Capacity Slow Reload Speed Slow Attack Speed Average Accuracy Zero Critical Chance 50 Strength Required 120 Shotgun Skill Required Avg. Damage per Second: 155.19Theoretical: 162.9 Scrap Value: $57,650 (MC $115,300) Enhance Price: $61,000 |
The Ace Barrel is one of the most intriguing newcomers on the shotgun market in the post-outbreak world. Gunsmiths took the inspiration for this weapon from a particular type of sawed-off shotgun known as the Lupara ("for the wolf" in Italian). Luparas are notorious as being the weapon of choice historically used by members of the Cosa Nostra mafia syndicate of Italy. Their applications have ranged from settling vendettas, to self-defense, to wolf hunting for sport (hence its name). In field tests, the Ace Barrel has more than lived up to the vicious nature of its Mafioso predecessor: Every kill made with a shot from this gun is gory, messy, and brutal. Weapon Type: Pump Action
Added November 6th, 2014. |
| X-Dusk Striker (Unique)This item is unique and as such it can only be obtained in special ways and/or is non-transferable. | |
10 Gauge Ammo
120 Round Capacity Fast Reload Speed Fast Attack Speed Average Accuracy Zero Critical Chance 100 Strength Required 120 Shotgun Skill Required Non-transferable Avg. Damage per Second: 197.43Theoretical: 217.2 Enhance Price: $61,000 |
When people hear Fully Automatic, they definitely get excited, right? Let's combine Fully Automatic, cheap shells, and serious knock-back and you've got this deadly Shotgun. You're firing about three rounds a second with this beast and shredding anything that the ten gauge ammo comes into contact with, knocking stronger opponents back nearly a yard, with this weapon you'll not have to fear anything getting too close to you. Weapon Type: Fully Automatic
This weapon cannot be found in the city but is available in the X-Dusk Shop for $5,000,000. This weapon is skinned after the Mancini M1. Added October 8th, 2015. |
| Buckblast 99A (LE)This item could only be purchased for a limited amount of time from the Credit Shop. | |
10 Gauge Ammo
36 Round Capacity Slow Reload Speed Fast Attack Speed Average Accuracy Zero Critical Chance 50 Strength Required 120 Shotgun Skill Required Avg. Damage per Second: 220.89Theoretical: 243 Scrap Value: $57,650 (MC $115,300) Enhance Price: $61,000 |
The first and foremost thing that should be said of the Buckblast 99A is this: As firearms go, it is a vicious beast. The weapon is modeled after an early type of shotgun from the late 17th century known as a blunderbuss. Blunderbusses were essentially small cannons, loaded by packing buckshot and gunpowder into the barrel and fired by a flintlock mechanism. They are easily recognized by their flared, bugle-like barrel openings (intended to increase the spread of a shot), which have made them popular as non-threatening stand-ins for traditional firearms in many children's cartoons. However, the reality of this weapon is no laughing matter. Blunderbusses were such powerful weapons that even their smaller pistol variants were often nicknamed "dragons". With the added modern firearms technology of Fairview's Guild of gunsmiths, the Buckblast 99A makes the already-formidable blunderbuss look like a BB-gun. This shotgun delivers a brutal hailstorm of lead with every shot. The massive recoil from just one shot assures that you won't be "blazing away" with this monster, but then again, with its immense power, you won't really need to. Weapon Type: Fully Automatic
This weapon could only be bought from the Credit Shop for 3,000 credits (2,500 for Gold Members). It was on sale from May 15th, 2015 until June 10th, 2015. |
| X-Mannberg | |
12 Gauge Ammo
36 Round Capacity Slow Reload Speed Slow Attack Speed Average Accuracy Zero Critical Chance 50 Strength Required 120 Shotgun Skill Required Avg. Damage per Second: 234.72Theoretical: 246.38 Enhance Price: $61,000 |
The X-Mannberg was the brainchild of one Fairview engineer with a love of WWI-era firearms and a desire to build a pump-action shotgun capable of going up against even the strongest of mutants. Starting with a standard Mannberg 500, he replaced the gun's tube-feed loading system with an ammo drum, tripling the gun's ammo capacity. The pump-action was retooled to act as a shunt, pushing each fresh round from the drum into the firing chamber. Finally, the barrel was slightly lengthened to tighten the shot spread and increase its impact. (A standard-issue bayonet was also affixed to the barrel, albeit for aesthetic purposes only.) The result was a modern-day trench gun, capable of pulping all but the very strongest infected with a single shot. Weapon Type: Pump Action
This weapon was added to crafting on March 8th, 2019. This weapon cannot be looted, but its materials can be obtained in the Inner City through looting and killing special IC Devil Hounds that spawn once per day (Due to a glitch, Wasteland DH will also occasionally drop Devil Hearts when the IC DH is active) Requirements to craft: 1x Mannberg 500 1x X-Mannberg Blueprint 5x X-Mannberg Parts 5x Devils Heart Crafting Cost: $3,000,000 |
| Dawn Striker (Unique)This item is unique and as such it can only be obtained in special ways and/or is non-transferable. | |
10 Gauge Ammo
120 Round Capacity Fast Reload Speed Fast Attack Speed Average Accuracy Zero Critical Chance 100 Strength Required 120 Shotgun Skill Required Non-transferable Avg. Damage per Second: 260.16Theoretical: 286.2 Enhance Price: $61,000 |
Weapon Type: Fully Automatic
Added October 13th, 2020 Requirements to craft: 1x X-Dusk Striker 1x Dawn Striker Blueprint 10x Experimental Parts Crafting Cost: $8,000,000 |
| Chimney Sweeper (LE)This item could only be purchased for a limited amount of time from the Credit Shop. | |
10 Gauge Ammo
35 Round Capacity Slow Reload Speed Average Attack Speed Average Accuracy Zero Critical Chance 80 Strength Required 120 Shotgun Skill Required Avg. Damage per Second: 274.69Theoretical: 293 Scrap Value: $57,650 (MC $115,300) Enhance Price: $61,000 |
Weapon Type: Semi-Automatic
This weapon could only be bought from the Credit Shop for 1,200 credits (1,000 for Gold Members). It was on sale during the 2019 Christmas event, from December 13th, 2019 to January 4th, 2020. |